TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparative Insights into the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Nutritional Potential of the Solanum nigrum Complex
AU - Mohyuddin, Ayesha
AU - Kurniawan, Tonni Agustiono
AU - Khan, Zaheer Ud Din
AU - Nadeem, Sohail
AU - Javed, Mohsin
AU - Dera, Ayed A.
AU - Iqbal, Shahid
AU - Awwad, Nasser S.
AU - Ibrahium, Hala A.
AU - Abourehab, Mohammed A.S.
AU - Rabea, Sameh
AU - Elkaeed, Eslam B.
AU - Asghar, Muhammad Nadeem
AU - Saeed, Shagufta
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Against the seven bacteria tested, the five taxa studied had varying antibacterial activity. Plant extracts were discovered to be as efficient as antibiotics in certain circumstances. All plants had moderate DPPH free radical scavenging activity, but S. chenopodioides performed the best. In the ABTS experiment, S. retroflexum had the highest Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, with a TEAC of 33.88 mM/100 g of dry weight. The therapeutic potential of specific plants may therefore be used to evaluate their functioning and chemical makeup. Highlights: Solanum nigrum is a traditional medicinal plant renowned as a cure for many diseases due to the presence of bioactive compounds. The Solanum nigrum complex refers to a group of more than 30 closely related but morphologically distinct taxa. Five indigenous taxa of this complex were investigated for their medicinal potential by using methanolic extracts. The efficacy of each plant was different for each of the seven bacteria studied. On comparing the MIC values, S. americanum was found to be most potent against Bacillus licheniformis (34 µg/mL), S. chenopodioides against Escherichia coli (78 µg/mL), S. nigrum against Bacillus licheniformis (49 µg/mL) and Escherichia coli (49 µg/mL), S. retroflexum against Escherichia coli (30 µg/mL), and S. villosum against Proteus mirabilis (45 µg/mL). The extracts were also subjected to six antioxidant assays. Moderate scavenging activity was observed by all plants in the DPPH free radical assay, but S. chenopodioides was the most effective. The total phenolic contents of the five plants were comparable, but the gallic acid equivalents of S. americanum and S. nigrum were the highest (26.58 mg/100 g GAE). The highest Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity was observed for S. retroflexum, with the ABTS assay giving a TEAC value of 33.88 mM/100 g of dry weight. Metal-chelating activity against Fe2+ was observed to be highest for S. chenopodioides (70.37%). The FRAP value of S. nigrum was the highest (8.5 mM FeSO4·7H2O) among all taxa. The lipid peroxidation trend was very similar for all five samples. The results suggest the specified medicinal use of different members of the Solanum nigrum complex, which will also have significant nutritional value.
AB - Against the seven bacteria tested, the five taxa studied had varying antibacterial activity. Plant extracts were discovered to be as efficient as antibiotics in certain circumstances. All plants had moderate DPPH free radical scavenging activity, but S. chenopodioides performed the best. In the ABTS experiment, S. retroflexum had the highest Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, with a TEAC of 33.88 mM/100 g of dry weight. The therapeutic potential of specific plants may therefore be used to evaluate their functioning and chemical makeup. Highlights: Solanum nigrum is a traditional medicinal plant renowned as a cure for many diseases due to the presence of bioactive compounds. The Solanum nigrum complex refers to a group of more than 30 closely related but morphologically distinct taxa. Five indigenous taxa of this complex were investigated for their medicinal potential by using methanolic extracts. The efficacy of each plant was different for each of the seven bacteria studied. On comparing the MIC values, S. americanum was found to be most potent against Bacillus licheniformis (34 µg/mL), S. chenopodioides against Escherichia coli (78 µg/mL), S. nigrum against Bacillus licheniformis (49 µg/mL) and Escherichia coli (49 µg/mL), S. retroflexum against Escherichia coli (30 µg/mL), and S. villosum against Proteus mirabilis (45 µg/mL). The extracts were also subjected to six antioxidant assays. Moderate scavenging activity was observed by all plants in the DPPH free radical assay, but S. chenopodioides was the most effective. The total phenolic contents of the five plants were comparable, but the gallic acid equivalents of S. americanum and S. nigrum were the highest (26.58 mg/100 g GAE). The highest Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity was observed for S. retroflexum, with the ABTS assay giving a TEAC value of 33.88 mM/100 g of dry weight. Metal-chelating activity against Fe2+ was observed to be highest for S. chenopodioides (70.37%). The FRAP value of S. nigrum was the highest (8.5 mM FeSO4·7H2O) among all taxa. The lipid peroxidation trend was very similar for all five samples. The results suggest the specified medicinal use of different members of the Solanum nigrum complex, which will also have significant nutritional value.
KW - Solanum nigrum complex
KW - antibacterial potential
KW - antioxidant potential
KW - herbal medicine
KW - methanol extract
KW - nutritional value
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85137548342&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/pr10081455
DO - 10.3390/pr10081455
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85137548342
SN - 2227-9717
VL - 10
JO - Processes
JF - Processes
IS - 8
M1 - 1455
ER -