TY - JOUR
T1 - Energy Management System for Grid-Connected Nanogrid during COVID-19
AU - Jamal, Saif
AU - Pasupuleti, Jagadeesh
AU - Rahmat, Nur Azzammudin
AU - Tan, Nadia M.L.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE), Malaysia for providing research grant with the code of FRGS/1/2022/TK08/UNITEN/01/3 to support this research and Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Malaysia.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE), Malaysia for providing research grant with the code of FRGS/1/2022/TK08/UNITEN/01/3 to support this research. The authors also would like to acknowledge the financial support received from University Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia, BOLD research grant (BOLD 2022), project code: J510050002/2022033. The APC will be funded by J510050002-IC-6-BOLDRefresh2025-Centre of Excellence.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2022/10
Y1 - 2022/10
N2 - An effective energy management system (EMS) was designed based on the Stateflow (SF) approach for a grid-connected nanogrid (NG) composed of a photovoltaic (PV) array with a battery bank and supercapacitor (SC) energy storage system (ESS). The PV energy system, battery bank and SC (ESS), dual active bridge DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, control algorithms, and controllers were developed to test the operation of the NG. The average and high-frequency power components are separated using frequency division of the ESS power utilizing a low-pass filter; the average power is absorbed by the battery bank, while the high-frequency power is absorbed by the SC. The aim of this paper is to design an EMS to manage the energy of a grid-connected NG system considering the availability of the PV array, ESS, and demand requirements. Different scenarios of operation were tested to check the EMS behaviour during the day with a random demand profile, including: (1) a PV array with the grid supplying the load without an EMS; (2) a PV array, batteries, and the grid supplying the load with an EMS; (3) a PV array, batteries, an SC, and the grid supplying the load with an EMS; (4) a PV array, batteries, an SC, and the grid supplying the load with an EMS, with load profile reduction by 20% due to COVID-19. As per the simulation results, the proposed EMS enables the flow of power in the NG system and demonstrates the impact on the ESS by minimising carbon emissions via a reduction in grid consumption. Furthermore, the SF method is regarded as a helpful alternative to popular design approaches employing conventional software tools.
AB - An effective energy management system (EMS) was designed based on the Stateflow (SF) approach for a grid-connected nanogrid (NG) composed of a photovoltaic (PV) array with a battery bank and supercapacitor (SC) energy storage system (ESS). The PV energy system, battery bank and SC (ESS), dual active bridge DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, control algorithms, and controllers were developed to test the operation of the NG. The average and high-frequency power components are separated using frequency division of the ESS power utilizing a low-pass filter; the average power is absorbed by the battery bank, while the high-frequency power is absorbed by the SC. The aim of this paper is to design an EMS to manage the energy of a grid-connected NG system considering the availability of the PV array, ESS, and demand requirements. Different scenarios of operation were tested to check the EMS behaviour during the day with a random demand profile, including: (1) a PV array with the grid supplying the load without an EMS; (2) a PV array, batteries, and the grid supplying the load with an EMS; (3) a PV array, batteries, an SC, and the grid supplying the load with an EMS; (4) a PV array, batteries, an SC, and the grid supplying the load with an EMS, with load profile reduction by 20% due to COVID-19. As per the simulation results, the proposed EMS enables the flow of power in the NG system and demonstrates the impact on the ESS by minimising carbon emissions via a reduction in grid consumption. Furthermore, the SF method is regarded as a helpful alternative to popular design approaches employing conventional software tools.
KW - energy management system
KW - energy storage system
KW - nanogrid
KW - photovoltaic
KW - Stateflow
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140774840&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/en15207689
DO - 10.3390/en15207689
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85140774840
SN - 1996-1073
VL - 15
JO - Energies
JF - Energies
IS - 20
M1 - 7689
ER -
