Manganese dioxide nanoparticles/activated carbon composite as efficient UV and visible-light photocatalyst

Manganese dioxide nanoparticles/activated carbon (MnO ₂ /AC) composites and manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO ₂ NPs) are prepared through chemical reduction method. Morphological study shows that MnO ₂ NPs had cylindrical and spherical shape. The morphological study also revealed that MnO ₂ NPs were well dispersed on AC while neat Mn NPs present both in dispersed and in agglomerated form. The FT-IR study confirms the synthesis of MnO ₂ NPs. Zetasizer study presented that the Mn NPs had uniform size and below 100 nm in size and had zeta potential of − 20 mV, which represent its stability in the suspension form. The synthesized Mn/AC composite and Mn NPs were utilized as photocatalysts for the photodegradation of Congo red (CR) dye. The degradation study shows that MnO ₂ /AC composite degraded CR dye more efficiently than MnO ₂ NPs under UV and normal light irradiation. The efficient degradation of dye by Mn/AC composite is due to the synergistic effect between dye adsorption on AC and rapid photodegradation by supported MnO ₂ NPs. The results revealed that Mn/AC composite degraded about 98.53% of CR dye within 5 min while MnO ₂ NPs degraded 66.57% of dye within the same irradiation time. The recycled catalyst also significantly degraded dye which verifies its sustainability. The effect of catalyst dosage and initial dye concentration was conducted. The degradation rate of dye was found drastically faster in tap water (in presence of catalyst), which might be due to the presence of various mineral ions in the tap water.