Particle adhesion and detachment in turbulent flows including capillary forces

The effect of capillary forces on particle adhesion and removal mechanism in turbulent flows is studied. Different detachment theories are used and the increase of adhesion force by the capillary effect is included in the analysis. The criteria for incipient rolling and sliding detachments are evaluated. The sublayer and burst models, which account for the structure of turbulent near-wall flows, are used for evaluating the air velocity condition near the substrate. The critical shear velocities for removing particles of different sizes under different conditions are evaluated, and the results are compared with those obtained in the absence of the capillary force. Comparisons of the model predictions with the available experimental data are also presented.