@article{ec3613822bb84c1aa75a12505564f484,
title = "Stable large area drop-on-demand deposition of a conductive polymer ink for 3D-printed electronics, enabled by bio-renewable co-solvents",
abstract = "Development of conductive polymer ink formulations with reliable jetting stability and physical properties could offer sustainable routes for scaling-up the 3D-printing of electronics. We report a new poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulphonate (PEDOT:PSS) ink formulation, InkCG, using bio-renewable solvents dihydrolevoglucosenone (cyrene) and glycerol carbonate (GC) as an alternative to commonly used dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). These green organic co-solvents enhance jetting reliability and long-term stability of the ink and improve electrical properties of the deposited PEDOT:PSS layers, compared to the commonly used DMSO-containing ink formulations. We achieve large-area and high-fidelity electronic devices (array of 140 devices) with reproducible electrical performance through inkjet-based 3D printing. Enhanced performance stability is observed under cyclic bending, thermal annealing, UV or IR exposure, offering exciting opportunities for sustainable deposition of PEDOT:PSS for large-area 3D printing and its exploitation in heterostructures and flexible electronics.",
keywords = "Conductive polymers, Heterostructures, Inkjet printing, Large scale array, PEDOT:PSS",
author = "Geoffrey Rivers and Austin, {Jonathan S.} and Yinfeng He and Adam Thompson and Negar Gilani and Nathan Roberts and Peng Zhao and Tuck, {Christopher J.} and Hague, {Richard J.M.} and Wildman, {Ricky D.} and Lyudmila Turyanska",
note = "Funding Information: This work is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council award “Enabling Next Generation Additive Manufacturing” [grant number EP/P031684/1]. AT and NR would also like to thank the UKRI Research England Development (RED) Fund via the Midlands Centre for Data-Driven Metrology. The authors thank Dr Michael W. Fay, Dr Christopher Parmenter, and the Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre (nmRC) for electron microscopy studies, supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [under grant EP/L022494/1] and the University of Nottingham. The authors thank NSERP undergraduate research assistant Noof Al Lawati for contributions to optical characterisation. Funding Information: This work is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council award “Enabling Next Generation Additive Manufacturing” [grant number EP/P031684/1 ]. AT and NR would also like to thank the UKRI Research England Development ( RED ) Fund via the Midlands Centre for Data-Driven Metrology. The authors thank Dr Michael W. Fay, Dr Christopher Parmenter, and the Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre (nmRC) for electron microscopy studies, supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [under grant EP/L022494/1] and the University of Nottingham. The authors thank NSERP undergraduate research assistant Noof Al Lawati for contributions to optical characterisation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors",
year = "2023",
month = mar,
day = "25",
doi = "10.1016/j.addma.2023.103452",
language = "English",
volume = "66",
journal = "Additive Manufacturing",
issn = "2214-8604",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}
